Abstract. Iron is an essential trace element, but it is also toxic in excess, and thus mammals have developed elegant mechanisms for keeping both cellular and whole-body iron concentrations within the optimal physiologic range. In the diet, iron is either sequestered within heme or in various nonheme forms. Although the absorption of heme …
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For instance, a recent study of wastewater treatment plants in the United Kingdom showed that the concentrations of certain trace chemicals were lower in the effluent of plants dosing iron for ...
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In the rhizosphere, this concentration is even lower due to the iron uptake by both roots and microbes, and the concentrations of Fe(III) species are generally far below those required for optimal growth of microbes and plants, 10 −5 to 10 −7 M and 10 −4 to 10 −9 M, respectively (Guerinot and Ying, 1994, Loper and Buyer, 1991).Based on the …
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The open-pit mine and concentration plants are situated at Brand-se-Baai, 385km north of Cape Town. Here the ore is mined and processed at the primary concentration plants to produce a mineral concentrate. It undergoes further processing at the secondary concentration plant to yield a magnetic and non-magnetic stream.
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These regulatory processes help to avoid plant iron concentrations building up to potential cell functioning disruptions that could adversely affect plant fitness. Indeed, when iron is in excess in the plant, it can lead to the production and accumulation of dangerous reactive oxygen species and free radicals (H 2 O 2, HO •, O 2 •−, HO ...
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Moreover, some plant secondary metabolites induced by iron deficiency have also been found to influence plant immunity. For example, the coumarins, a family of secondary metabolites secreted by roots under iron-deficient conditions, possess iron-mobilizing ability and facilitate iron uptake from alkaline soils where iron availability is …
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Accumulated Cu in soil cannot be degraded biologically or chemically and poses a threat to the environment, food security and human health. High soil Cu (20–100 mg kg −1) concentrations are known to impart toxic effects to soil microorganisms and hinder the mineralization of macronutrients such as phosphorus (P) and nitrogen …
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An overview of iron homeostasis in plants. Iron homeostasis is maintained through the action of five processes: high affinity uptake systems, transport and …
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The concerted information on the role of CO 2 in improving endogenous NO concentration in iron deprived plants would be important to understand how CO 2 alleviates iron scarcity ... Geigenberger P, Zocchi G, Nishizawa NK (2016) Knocking down mitochondrial iron transporter (MIT) reprograms primary and secondary metabolism in …
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concentration 'window of Fe uptake' in which plants can benefit from phytosiderophore-mediated Fe uptake. In plants from both strategies, insoluble Fe pools might be detected in the apoplast as well as in the root surface, the so-called iron plaque. The formation of the iron plaque is a consequence of the oxidation of ferrous
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Highest collision efficiencies were obtained close to the suspected critical coagulation concentrations for CaCl 2 (12 mM) and LaCl 3 (5.5 mM) whereas for NaCl no CCC was found within the applied concentration range (10–1000 mM). The addition of NOM effectively stabilized PS-MP at low ionic strength (10 mM NaCl) in the order HA > …
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Micronutrients at a concentration less than 0.5 g per kg plant dry matter such as copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) are also considered essential for plant nutrition. These micronutrients act as a co-factor for various enzymes associated in the metabolism of various organic molecules such as carbohydrates, …
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Iron (Fe) participates in fundamental processes in plants, including respiration, photosynthesis, and antioxidant defenses, as well as in many biochemical …
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Jasmonates (JAs) are universally known lipid-derived phytohormones which regulate overall plant growth under both abiotic and biotic stresses. They are helpful in developing root and reproductive system in plants. Also, JA signaling triggers gene expression. They coordinate with other plant hormones under changing environmental …
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Iron concentration in shoots is significantly lower than in roots (p < 0.001, nonparametric Tukey-type contrast), aerial parts (p < 0.001) and leaves (p = 0.026), but …
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These compounds are known as plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) which play an important role in plants by making a strong interaction of plants with the surroundings for their fitness and survival (Wink 2010; Kliebenstein 2012).Secondary metabolites may function as signal compounds within and between the plants, for …
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Concentration and exposure time are important parameters determining the impact of toxic metals on secondary metabolite production in plants. The response of the metabolome and the genes involved in secondary metabolite production in hyperaccumulators can be determined via comparison with non-hyperaccumulators of …
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Secondary Treatment Standards. EPA establishes secondary treatment standards for publicly owned treatment works (POTWs), which are minimum, technology-based requirements for municipal wastewater treatment plants. These standards are reflected in terms of five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total suspended …
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Iron uptake by plants: Iron enters the plant via the root from where it is distributed inside the plant. Generally, iron is present in concentrations of about 10 - 500 μg Fe/g dry weight in plant tissues. Iron homeostasis is a tightly controlled process whereby control of the iron transporters is crucial.
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Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, but exc essive iron uptake. can cause iron toxicity, leading to damage to plant cell membranes, reduced growth, y ield ...
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Iron homeostasis and plant stress tolerance. Though iron is highly abundant in soil, the concentration of free iron in most soils is far below than what is required for …
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Here, the present review emphasizes on the role of signalling molecules particularly phytohormones and nitric oxide and their interactive co-ordination in iron …
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Abstract. Iron is an essential element for most organisms. As an indispensable co-factor of many enzymes, iron is involved in various crucial metabolic …
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Abstract. Siderophores are synthesized and secreted by many bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and plants for Fe (III) chelation. A variety of plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) colonize the rhizosphere and contribute to iron assimilation by plants. These microorganisms possess mechanisms to produce Fe ions under iron-deficient conditions.
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Fe has great importance in iron-sulfur proteins and also as a catalyst in redox reactions, as occur in nitrogen (N) metabolism. Plants absorb Fe from the soil that …
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Iron concentration in seed seems to be lower than in root (p < 0.001), leaf ... Firstly, the whole data set comprises iron concentration data for 1228 plant species, representing about 0.35% of the 350,699 species with "accepted" status included in The Plant List and 0.21% of the total number (593,411) of species with "accepted" or ...
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Iron (Fe) is a micronutrient that plays an important role in agriculture worldwide because plants require a small amount of iron for its growth and development. All major functions in a plant's life from chlorophyll biosynthesis to energy transfer are performed by Fe (Brumbarova et al., 2008; Gill and Tuteja, 2011). Iron also acts as a …
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EGCG could not promote growth rather inhibit plant biomass at high concentrations: Bais et al. (2014) Non-stress conditions: Arabidopsis (A. thaliana) 25 μg ml −1 ( ± )-catechin (best concentration in MS) and 1 μg g −1 (best concentration in soil) ( ± )-catechin -supplemented MS medium or and soil primed with 1 μg g −1 catechin •
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Promotion of the levels of medicinal and nutritional properties (flavonoids, essential oils, and nutrient elements) of plants may depend on foliar application times of iron oxide regardless of its concentrations. 3. Iron oxide nanoparticles promote plant growth by enhancing the uptake of nutrient elements. 4.
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The spatial distribution of CO 2 emissions from iron and steel production reflects a concentration of iron and steel plants in eight ... 1,419 secondary steelmaking units (steel refining), 3,177 ...
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Iron is an essential element for plants and animals; however, deficit or excess iron can result in stress on plants. In this study, we unveiled the mechanisms of shoot-based tolerance to iron ...
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The complexes of great importance in soils are CuSO 4 and CuCO 3. At lower pH, concentration of SO 4 2 − is the major controlling factor of soil Cu availability, while at high pH, pH, and partial pressure of CO 2 (g) are the main controlling factors. At 10 − 2.36 M of SO 4 2 −, CuSO 4, and Cu 2 + activities are equal.
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The essential elements can be divided into macronutrients and micronutrients. Nutrients that plants require in larger amounts are called macronutrients. About half of the essential elements are considered macronutrients: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. The first of …
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