Like other sintering processes, iron ore sintering converts iron ore fines of often − 8 mm sizing into larger agglomerates, namely, sinter, between 5 and 50 mm particle size, which possess the physical and metallurgical characteristics and gas permeability required for efficient blast furnace operation.As shown in Figure 14.1, iron ore sintering …
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micropellet-rich sinters showing a higher degree of degradation compared to concentrate-rich sinters (increasing RDI-3.5 mm and RDI-0.5 mm). It would therefore be viable to …
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Granulation of the iron ore blend and the additives is the foremost step in the agglomeration of iron ore fines to achieve a permeable bed during sintering, which is crucial for sinter productivity.
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Ultrafine iron oxide wastes such as slime, blue dust and Linz–Donawitz (LD) converter sludge have very limited use in sintering of iron ore due to their excessive fineness (−50 μm). Pelletisation of these ultrafine materials for use in blast furnace involves high temperature curing, which is a highly energy intensive process. Briquetting of LD …
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With the depletion of high-grade lump iron ore, concentrates have been identified as an alternative material for sinter making. Adding concentrates to the sinter mixture reduces sinter bed porosity and gas flow through the sinter bed. This will result in lower sinter strand productivity. A potential solution to this problem is to add concentrate in the form …
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during sintering which could have a drastic impact on sinter productivity. In this study the use of iron ore concentrate and micropellets as sinter feed was evaluated. Five mixtures containing different proportions of iron ore concentrate and micropellets, together with iron ore fines, were prepared. These mixtures
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It can be seen from Tables 1 and 2 that the blend with high iron grade has a high content of FeO (14.51 wt.%) because it consisted of 70 wt.% magnetite concentrate and 30 wt.% fine ore. The coke breeze has high fixed carbon content (83.37 wt.%) and low volatile matter content (1.57 wt.%). 2.2 Methods. The double-layer sintering process is …
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At present, blast furnace ironmaking is still the main process for producing molten iron, and sinters are the main raw material for blast furnace ironmaking. A sinter with good metallurgical performance can not only ensure smooth operation of the blast furnace but also reduce the blast furnace fuel ratio and increase the molten iron production. …
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It was further determined that the introduction of iron ore concentrate and micropellets did not significantly impact mechanical properties of sinter as similar tumble indices (TI) were observed. A slight variation in reduction disintegration index (RDI) was however seen with high micropellet sinters showing a larger degree of degradation ...
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The iron ore sintering process is the main source of VOCs emission in the iron and steel industry, and its VOCs emission accounts for about 69.6% . The organic compounds in the solid fuel and the oil components from the raw materials such as rolling oily sludge are pyrolyzed in the preheating layer (150–900 °C) to produce VOCs [ 9, 10 ].
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high lime containing micropellets may be exploited for making super fluxed sinter that can be used as synthetic flux in the basic oxygen furnace process towards the formation of …
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of concentrate and micropellet additions on iron ore sinter bed Blott, S. J. and Pye, K., 2008, "Particle shape: a review and new methods permeability." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 125, pp. of characterization and classification." Sedimentology, 55, pp. 31–63 178–186.
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The sinter strand process consists of a moving grate onto which is loaded the raw material in the form of micropellets composed essentially of iron ore fines, coke, water and rejected sinter ...
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Although the introduction of iron ore concentrate and/or micropellets to the sinter mixture did not significantly impact sinter strength or reducibility (as measured through tumble – (TI) and reducibility indices (RI)), it severely impacted on their strengths during reduction (as measured through RDI −3.5 mm and RDI −0.5 mm).
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The sintering process is an intricate system with a protracted process flow. The steps in the manufacturing line are primarily composed of the ingredients and mixing process, the sintering operation process, and the treatment of the sintered ore [39, 40].2.2 Important parameters and characteristics of sintering process. As shown in Fig. 2, all …
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Effect of concentrate and micropellet additions on iron ore sinter bed permeability. Robert Cromarty. 2016, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy. See Full PDF. Download …
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Moreover, the conventional iron making unit, i.e. blast furnace requires the raw material in the form of iron oxide with a size range of 10–120 mm. Sintering is the oldest agglomerate thermal process using iron ore mineral fines of 0.5–8 mm, along with the reductant, fluxes, and other byproducts of the iron and steel industry operated ...
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In the iron ore sintering process, it is desirable to maximize the productivity and quality of sinter while minimizing the fuel consumption for any given raw material (iron ore, flux and solid fuel) quality. However, given the complexity of the sintering process and the large number of manipulated variables, it is not practical for operators to identify …
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With the depletion of high-grade lump iron ore, concentrates have been identified as an alternative material for sinter making. Adding concentrates to the sinter mixture …
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The present work proposes a novel process to sinter porous iron ore (porosity ~23–24%) with enhanced productivity and quality. The iron ore is pre-processed in the presence of calcined lime for the temporary closure of pores, which further prevents water absorption during the granulation process in drum in the presence of water. The …
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Abstract and Figures. Sintering is an agglomeration process that fuses iron ore fines, fluxes, recycled products, slag-forming elements and coke. The purpose of sintering is to obtain a product ...
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Iron ore sintering entails high energy consumption and also produces significant pollution, responsible for the highest share of CO 2 emission, as well as SO 2 and NOx emissions, in the iron and steel production processes. 5 The SO 2 and NO X emissions from this process account for ∼70% and ∼40% of the total iron and steel …
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World resources are estimated to be greater than 800 billion tons of crude ore containing more than 230 billion tons of iron. The only source of primary iron is iron ore, but before all that iron ore can be turned into steel, it must go through the sintering process. Sinter is the primary feed material for making iron and steel in a blast furnace.
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Abstract. Sintering is the most economic and widely used agglomeration process to prepare iron ore fines for blast furnace use. Owing to the depleting reserves of traditional high grade iron ore, there …
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A. M. Garbers-Craig. With the depletion of high-grade lump iron ore, concentrates have been identified as an alternative material for sinter making. In this …
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Developed micropellets have possible use in sintering for preparation of low melting synthetic flux when they contain high lime (30–40%CaO) and in BF quality sinter making (mixing with iron ore fines) when they contain low lime.
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Secondary agglomeration mechanisms occur with concentrate and micropellet addition. ... The second stage is slow and can be enhanced by collisions before intermediate particles are incorporated into the adhering layer. ... In the process of iron ore sintering, the pore size and distribution of the bed have an essential effect on …
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Preparation of iron ore sinter consists essentially of two steps. One, granulation in a rotary drum of moist raw sinter feed. comprising iron ore fines, coke breeze, limestone, lime, dun-. ite and ...
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