The influence of Cu-rich precipitates (CRPs) and reverted austenite (RA) on the strength and impact toughness of a Cu-containing 3.5 wt pct Ni high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel after various heat treatments involving quenching (Q), lamellarization (L), and tempering (T) is studied using electron back-scatter diffraction, transmission electron …
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The effect quenching and tempering by different regimes on Rockwell hardness and wear processes of grind-ing balls 50 and 70 mm in diameter made of two melts of chromium …
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Heat treatment, which includes processes like quenching and tempering, has the potential to alter the morphology and quantity of nano-scale residual austenite in the steel. In this study, the influence of heat treatment parameters on the morphologies and properties of steel has been investigated to address the wide-ranging fluctuations in ...
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Through heat preservation at 850 ° C, the grain boundary network K in the as-cast structure and the flake K in P can be dissolved. As the temperature increases, the dissolution rate of carbides in steel …
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The microstructures and mechanical properties of Cr13 super martensitic stainless steel after different heat treatments were studied. The results show that the structures of the steel after quenching are of lath martensite mixed with a small amount of retained austenite. With the raising quenching temperature, the original austenite grain …
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Heat-transfer rates increase with lower viscosities and decrease with increasing viscosity. The ideal quenchant is one that exhibits little or no vapour stage, a rapid …
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In this paper an effort has been made to plasma nitride the ball bearing steel AISI 52100. The difficulty with this specific steel is that its tempering temperature (~170–200°C) is much lower than the standard processing temperature (~460–580°C) needed for the plasma nitriding treatment. To understand the mechanism, effect of …
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ADI are prepared by austenitizing the spheroidal graphite (SG) iron balls at 920 °C for one hour, and step austempering heat treatments were given, which …
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Becomes more flexible. Increases its wear-resistance. Increase in overall lifetime of the part. Our heat treatment capabilities will leave a lasting effect on your precious material. There are a ton of benefits of heat treatment for your production line. Find out how Specialty Steel Treating, Inc. can get your steel to reach its maximum …
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Annealing is a heat treatment process that softens the metal, enhancing its ductility and making it more workable. It is suitable for metals like steel, aluminum, copper, silver, or brass. The metal is heated to a specific temperature and then cooled slowly, often in the furnace. This slow cooling allows the formation of a new microstructure ...
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The effect of thermal treatment on the dynamic fracture toughness of Laurentian granite (LG) was investigated in this work. Notched semi-circular bend (NSCB) LG specimens are heat treated at ...
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The stationary pin is a ball of 3 mm diameter made of 100C6 steel and pressed against a sliding disk under the given load. All wear tests were performed without a lubricant in the open air. ... The effect of heat treatment process parameters on mechanical properties, precipitation, fatigue life, and fracture mode of an austenitic Mn Hadfield ...
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The utilization of heat treatment with the rolled steel balls, such as quenching followed by tempering, is appropriate to enhance the mechanical properties [17]. The addition of sub-zero treatment ...
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The effect of α phase obtained by intercritical heat treatment (IHT) on the thickness, hardness, brittleness and phase component of the nitrided case of steel 3OCrMnSiA after nitriding was ...
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AISI 316L stainless steel samples were produced by means of laser powder-directed energy deposition using optimized building conditions with two different deposition strategies. The samples, in the as-built state, were at first characterized in terms of microstructure, hardness and residual stresses by the incremental hole-drilling strain …
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Stainless steel is one of the most widely used steels for structural applications. This paper quantifies the effect of heat treatment on the wear resistance behaviour of stainless steel 304 grades using pin on disc method. Ageing at different temperature ranges imparts hardness to the SS304 specimen which in turn affects the …
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This study reports on the design optimisation of the swinging jaw crusher plate. Jaw crusher machines are used in the mining and construction industry for crushing rocks and mineral ores to the appropriate sizes for direct application or further processing. During the crushing process, large and non-evenly distributed impact forces occur, …
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Turned everything blue from the first ring, even the part that was stretched, was bulging out and blue. Couldn't wear it long enough to really enjoy the stretching/crushing, because I'm not a fan of my skin hurting. For those wondering, yes, you can reverse the crusher. Taking off the rubber tips is a bigger pain than I expected, but they come off.
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Effects of heat-treating. Adjusting the carbon content is the simplest way to change the mechanical properties of steel. Additional changes are made possible by heat-treating—for instance, by accelerating the rate of cooling through the austenite-to-ferrite transformation point, shown by the P-S-K line in the figure. (This transformation is also called the Ar 1 …
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Thermal Cycling Heat Treatment. The cylindrical specimens having a length of 70 mm and a diameter of 10 mm were prepared to perform thermal cycling heat treatment (TCHT) on Gleeble ® 3800. While performing TCHT, a k-type thermocouple was spot-welded at the middle of the specimen to record the live temperature of the steel …
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The heat treatment and quenching process provides tremendous advantages for the steels by modifying the mechanical properties and affecting phase change in the structure of steel. So we perform this heat treatment process in various quenching medium to test the EN8 steels. Few specimen of EN8 steel were studied and analyzed after …
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A double-quenching (D/Q) process is proposed for heat-treating high carbon-chromium bearing steels to improve the fatigue properties through refinement of the microstructure. The new heat treatment method has two steps: The first step is a nitrocarburizing process that results in high surface hardness and lowers the …
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A "Quenching and Partitioning" (Q&P)–based heat treatment has been applied to rolled grinding steel (0.75 wt pct C-Mn-Cr) balls of 104-mm diameter to prevent their cracking during heat treatment. The conventional route of ball manufacturing includes rolling, water quenching interrupted when the bulk average temperature is 220 °C to 250 …
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A resistance furnace was used for the heat treating process. Hadfield steel usually used after the solution heat treatment at approximately 1000 °C to have homogenous austenitic matrix [].Thus, specimens were prepared with the following solution process as the first stage: heating to 620 °C and maintaining for 20 min and then …
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Heat treatment cycle for hadfield manganese steel casting. Raise the temperature from 200 to 700 °C @ 120°C per hour. Hold at 700°C for 3 hours. Raise the temperature from 700 to 1100 °C @ 120°C per hour. 1 inch/1 hr + 1 hr =soaking time of individual castings. After soaking, water quench immediately within 40 seconds inside the agitated ...
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Effect of heat treatment on residual axia l stress relaxation of DB specimens: (a) as-r eceived initial state and ( b ) heat-treated at 1100 °C for one hour, then quenched in water. 3.4.
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Mining balls, in various forms such as grinding balls, steel grinding balls, forged steel grinding balls, and rolled grinding balls, are indispensable components in the mining industry.These durable and precisely crafted spheres play a pivotal role in crushing and grinding raw materials, contributing to efficient material processing and resource …
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Abstract. The ball milling lining board operates in a harsh environment, and the current materials fail to meet the requirements for large-sized boards due to the lack …
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During the heat treatment, and as a result of the thermal and structural gradients, residual stresses are generated which can jeopardize the working life of the …
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The distributions and precipitated amounts of M23C6 carbides and MX-type carbonitrides with decreasing carbon content from 0.16 to 0.002 mass pct in 9Cr-3W steel, which is used as a heat-resistant steel, has been investigated. The microstructures of the steels are observed to be martensite. Distributions of precipitates differ greatly among the steels …
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2053-1591/6/7/076568. Abstract. This work aims at predicting the micro-hardness of XC38 steel using the experiments plans as well as study of tribological …
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Mechanical Crushing and Grinding. Oleg D. Neikov, in Handbook of Non-Ferrous Metal Powders, 2009 Crushers. Crushers are widely used as a primary stage to produce the particulate product finer than about 50–100 mm in size. They are classified as jaw, gyratory and cone crushers based on compression, cutter mill based on shear and hammer …
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The effect quenching and tempering by different regimes on Rockwell hardness and wear processes of grinding balls 50 and 70 mm in diameter made of two melts of chromium-molybdenum cast iron is...
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The invention discloses a heat treatment process for a high pressure wind-crushing electric steel ball, comprising three steps of quenching, tempering and detecting. The heat treatment process is characterized in that in the quenching heating period, the thermal insulation time is 45-60 min, the quenching temperature is 830-840 DEG C, and …
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Heat treatment is an operation involving heating and cooling a metal or an alloy in the solid state to obtain certain desirable properties without changing composition. It is an essential operation in the manufacturing process of machine parts and tools. The process of heat treatment is carried out to change the grain size, modify the structure ...
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