For the purpose of efficient and selective antimony recovery with minimal economic cost and environmental impact, researchers proposed various innovative pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and electrochemical processes. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art technologies for the antimony separation and recovery from …
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Efficient recovery of antimony from plastics requires adapted screening and sorting methods to identify plastics with high antimony contents. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) could provide a fast and non-destructive screening. Other interesting …
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Figures 5 and 6 show the antimony recovery as a It is observed from Figure 5 that the recovery rates of the metallic antimony were in the range from 75.12 to 90.16 wt.%.
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For the purpose of efficient and selective antimony recovery with minimal economic cost and environmental impact, researchers proposed various innovative pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and ...
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Antimony (Sb) is strongly concentrated into hydrothermal mineral deposits, commonly with gold, in metasedimentary sequences around the Pacific Rim. These deposits represent potential point sources for Sb in the downstream environment, particularly when mines are developed. This study documents the magnitude and scale …
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antimony recovery small scale germany. History of manufactured fuel gases - Wikipedia In Germany, gaslight was used on a small scale from 1816 onwards, but the first gaslight utility was founded by English engineers and capital. In 1824, the Imperial Continental Gas Association was founded in London to establish gas utilities in other countries.
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Recovery of Sb and Bi by selective precipitation with NaOH. Even though Ca(OH) 2 (s) and CaCO 3 (s) are the preferred options at the industrial scale, it can be observed that their use caused the precipitation of calcium sulphates, which polluted the Sb and Bi-rich solids. Therefore, NaOH was evaluated to increase the purity of the obtained …
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In this research, the recovery rate reaches 97 % with the optimal conditions (hydrolysis ratio of 1.5, aged for 7 days). Chemical composition of the hydrolysate is listed in Table 2. It is observed that the purity of product hydrated antimony pentoxide reaches 97.6 %. The product needs to be further purified.
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PDF | Antimony is becoming an increasingly critical element as the supply-demand gap is expected to exceed 10% over the period 2015–2020. Antimony... | Find, read and cite all the research you ...
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A comprehensive procedure for the separation and recovery of antimony from a complex stibnite concentrate was introduced. In this process, antimony can be recovered in the forms of cubic crystal Sb 2 O 3 (99.9%), high-purity cathode antimony (99.98%), crude cathode antimony (99.7%), high-purity SbOCl (99.9%), and crude …
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The carbothermal reduction method has been used to produce antimony metal from Sb 2 O 3-rich materials such as crude antimony oxide and antimony dust …
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The antimony recovery rate was 92 %, and a 99.7 % pure antimony oxide distillate was obtained. Binz et al. [ 75 ] developed a bottom-up process to recover antimony from lead-refining residues. They investigated a more selective oxidation during lead softening and the carbothermic reduction of the slag to produce a concentrated antimony slag and ...
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To face the challenge of increasing scarcity of Sb resources and growing Sb consumption, this work studied the Sb recovery from antimony-rich slag by top blowing …
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The combination of flotation and metallurgical processing to treat copper anode slime produces approximately 1400 tons of flotation tailings every year in Yunnan Province. These tailings contain a large amount of valuable metals. In this article, a vacuum distillation three-stage condensation process is proposed to efficiently and selectively …
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Fig. 1 shows this new hydrometallurgical process for antimony extraction. This process involves chlorination–oxidation leaching that inhibits the formation of most impurities in solution. By controlling the leaching potential, S 2− in stibnite is oxidized to elemental sulfur, and antimony becomes SbCl 3 in solution.
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In copper eletrowinning, ions such as bismuth, arsenic, and antimony are common impurity ions with potentials near that of copper (standard potentials [activities = 1]: ... This process is economically practiced on a small scale for copper recovery using iron scrap metal. It is more commonly practiced for precious metal recovery using zinc powder.
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A small amount of sodium sulfide reduced the precipitation percentage of tellurium from 11.9% to 7.5% in an alkaline solution, and the direct recovery percentage of tellurium in the form of TeO 2 exceeded 90%, while the purity of TeO 2 reached 99.9%. By adjusting the pH of the bismuth solution to 0.15, 98.9% of the bismuth was able to ...
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Abstract. Antimony is becoming an increasingly critical element as the supply-demand gap is expected to exceed 10% over the period 2015–2020. Antimony production is primarily concentrated in China (90%) and as …
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Sb 2 O 3 evaporation from an antimony-rich slag by bubbling nitrogen gas through a submerged top lance is studied.. Kinetics of the evaporation process was discussed by obtaining Sb 2 O 3 content-time curves and fitting them with rate laws.. The operating conditions for high Sb recovery and high Sb 2 O 3 purity were optimized.. The …
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This study investigated the performance of two full-scale ion exchange (IX) systems, one point-of-entry (POE) reverse osmosis (RO) system and nine point-of-use (POU) RO units for simultaneous removal of arsenic and several co-occurring contaminants from drinking water.The study was performed as part of the U.S. Environmental …
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attention should go to the recovery of antimony from second-ary sources such as industrial waste residues and end-of-life ... rescent tubes.8–10,12 Small differences exist, but it's main struc-ture is a fluoro–chloro apatite doped with ... industrial scale by Solvay in France.5 However, the broadband antimony-containing phosphor (Sr,Ca ...
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Noble antimony is the carrier of precious metals in the antimony smelting system and has a very high added value. This study proposes a novel, green, and effective vacuum gasification process for purifying antimony and recovering precious metals from noble antimony. Saturated vapor pressure and separation coefficients (β) were used to …
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Furthermore, antimony was recovered via precipitation by a pH modification in accordance with the Pourbaix diagram. Under this methodology, two valuable products …
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The aim of the present investigation was to ascertain — at laboratory scale — the best conditions for alkaline leaching of a refractory gold-bearing Sb 2 S 3 (13.25% Sb 2 S 3; 30 g t −1 Au) ... Antimony recovery has been about 70% Sb for suitable conditions of leaching and electrowinning. Metallic antimony with high purity was obtained.
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Traditionally, discussions about "small-scale mining" have been mainly associated with "artisanal and small-scale mining" (ASM) activities, which predominantly occur in developing countries. Terms have been employed interchangeably, so that "small-scale mining" has practically become a synonym for "artisanal and small-scale mining."
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Antimony (Sb) is a harmful contaminant posing a risk to the environment and human health. Antimony-containing industrial wastewater often contains sulfate; therefore, it is suitable to apply sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) to remove Sb from such water. SRB anaerobically reduce sulfate to sulfide. Sb(V) is then reduced to Sb(III) by sulfide to …
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Antimony dross containing 8.2% antimony, obtained from the refining section of a lead plant was studied on a bench scale for the recovery of antimony oxide and subsequent synthesis of potassium ...
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TG results indicate that during thermal decomposition of pure metal oxides, sublimated antimony oxide can be recovered at 650 °C, leaving Bi 2 O 3 and ZnO …
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The Pourbaix diagrams for antimony were constructed with HSC Chemistry 6.0 software to identify the predominance of the Sb species as a function of E(V) and pH in order to have a thermodynamic understanding of antimony chemistry for its recovery. Based on the Pourbaix diagrams, the pH of the solution was modified from an initial …
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The aim of the present investigation was to ascertain — at laboratory scale — the best conditions for alkaline leaching of a refractory gold-bearing Sb 2 S 3 Ž13.25% Sb 2 S 3; 30 g ty1 Au. coming from South America. ... Antimony recovery has been about 70% Sb for suitable conditions of leaching and electrowinning. Metallic antimony with ...
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An on-site field-scale bioreactor for passive treatment of antimony (Sb) contamination was installed downstream of an active Sb mine in Southwest China, and operated for one year (including a six month monitoring period). This bioreactor consisted of five treatment units, including one pre-aerobic cell, two aerobic cells, and two microaerobic ...
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